The Importance Of Nursing Patients With Multi Resistant...

The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the importance of demonstrating nursing care with patients requiring standard and contact precautions using a model of reflection. Reflection is the process in which learners engage to recapture, notice and re-evaluate their experience, to work with their experience and to turn it into learning (Boud et al, 1993). The skill of reflection is essential to the development of clinical knowledge and ability which allows the learner to consider personal and professional skills and identify needs for ongoing development (Levett-Jones et al, 2011). This reflection will allow me to analyse the goal of nursing patients with Multi-Resistant Organisms (MROs), I planned to learn and understand at the beginning of the course, evaluate my professional growth and obtain conclusions in relation to my personal learning outcome. The Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) will be used as a model of reflection which comprises of six stages involving reflection on the des cription, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan, better understand outstanding goals and continuously improve nursing practice. In addition, I will evaluate my nursing practice in accordance with the national competency standards for the Registered Nurses by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA, 2006) and will consider changes for my continual professional development. Stage 1 of Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (1988) consists of the description of what has happened.

The Effects of Price Control In Japan Free Essays

If supply is greater than demand, the price of a product will decrease. If demand is greater than supply, the price of a product will increase. This is a simple rule that determines the price of almost all consumer goods. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Price Control In Japan or any similar topic only for you Order Now But what happens if the price is too high. What happens if there is a massive shortage or if a war breaks out and the price of everyday products such as sugar or bread skyrockets. Who will protect the consumer? And vice versa, who will protect the seller. This is where the government steps in and imposes price controls. Price controls are imposed to help or protect particular parts of the population which would be treated unequally by the unfettered price system. With today’s technology, many farmers around the world find themselves producing far more than they can sell or a surplus and this drives down prices. Therefore to support the farmers, many governments have created price floors to increase the income of their farmers who without them would fail to make a living profit. Japanese agricultural policy so far has focused on maintaining agricultural income by price controls. During the 1960s, Japan was in a stage of extraordinarily rapid growth. But Japanese farmers still produced more crops, namely rice, then they could sell, and this drove prices down and dwindled their profits. All the while, the industrial sector began creating massive profits. As a result, the income gap between the two was widening. Politicians knew that social and political unrest would result if the situation worsened. And so they began to resort to price controls to protect agriculture. To increase the farmers’ income, the government placed price floors or price supports on rice and other crops. Therefore, the price of rice would not be determined by the free market but by this set price. The Japanese government set the price floor higher than the equilibrium price or the price of rice in the free market. By doing this they were sure to increase the income of farmers. But this policy had its drawbacks. The price policy impaired the basic market mechanisms. The increased price drew away buyers, resulting in an excessive surplus of rice. In fact, rice surplus amounted to approximately seven million tons in storage, and that required three trillion yen of tax money for its disposal. Although this policy helped farmers, it became a great strain on the government and taxpayers. The Japanese government began to implement a new policy. The only way to avoid surplus under such a high price policy is to limit production. Hence, a policy to cut back on rice acreage was introduced. But this policy also ran into problems. Reduced production was forced onto the producers and served only to dampen their motivation to produce and to hinder their drive. Another hindrance in price control is a segregated overseas and domestic market. The only way for the government to retain this kind of price policy and maintain agricultural income is by closing off its borders form imports. With this price control the government ran into many problems. It therefore abolished the Food Staple Control Act which implemented this price policy and replaced it with the New Food Staple Control Act in November 1995. This new act liberated distribution and limited the government’s role to just the purchase and management of rice reserves. In conclusion, Japan’s price control policy was created with the best intentions to improve agriculture income. While it succeeded in that aspect, the government and its people were hurt more by this policy. Even the farmers themselves who had their production limited became unmotivated. We see from this case scenario that sometimes the government needs to take a step back and play a limited role in the economy or practice laissez-faire economics. How to cite The Effects of Price Control In Japan, Essay examples

Business Communication Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Business Communication Assessment. Answer: Introduction: Communication can be defined as the process of receiving information and exchanging the same between two or more person (Kasper, Kellerman, 2014). The current case study is based on the investigation and evaluation of the current communication of Class Act Limited and recommending an ideal communication strategy, which will help in solving the issues of the organisation. The study is aimed at improving the performance of Class Act Ltd by designing appropriate communication objectives along with the identification of specific brand awareness. Investigation and current evaluation of the communication: The current communication process at Class Act Ltd is complex, which comprises of several levels of management. Due to this break down or distortion may arise. The long lines of communication process and flow of communication leads to delay and distortion (Colleoni, 2013). It is found from the analysis that every layer of authority cuts down a piece of information or are reluctant to communicate, especially in the upward communication process. Due to specialisation at Class Act Limited, every department is greatly concerned in their own interests and does not takes into the consideration the problems of others. It is further noticed that inappropriate attention to the message is creating misunderstanding. The main cause of inattention is credibility gap representing inconsistency between what one says and what one does, which ultimately creates, misunderstand of message (Austin, Pinkleton, 2015). The current situation revolving Class Act Ltd reflects slow and inappropriate accountabilities of personnel in delivering messages during emergent situations. Recommending strategic communication process: After conducting a careful research concerning the communication strategies and their elements, a ten-step communication strategy is developed to assist Class Act in achieving its performance objectives and improving the organisation communication procedure as well. The strategy is designed to improve the human relationship by promoting appropriate interaction between one another through communication. Step 1: Analysis of big picture: Class Act Limited needs to figure out what needs to be done in order to realise the organisation needs while creating a communication strategy. The organisation currently operates under the traditional method of communication that holds nothing with the current communication strategy and thus, it needs to start from beginning (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The organisations current strategy does not seems to be working and it needs to realise that requires improvement. Probably expanding its channel of communication can help in developing relationships among people in terms of both formal and informal way. Step 2: Defining the goals of the organisation: An organisation can attain success only if it understands what exactly needs to be done to achieve desired performance as a whole. If the goal of the organisation to reach out the community then the words and symbol which used to convey the message must match with the reference and understanding of the receiver (Carnmarata et al., 2014). This will help in minimising the semantic barrier. Step 3: defining the goals of the individual within the organisation: Unlike every organisation, Class Act Limited has different projects containing goals which the company itself want to attain outside of the organisations goals. These goals needs to be determined and specifically defined (Ulmer et al., 2013). The reason behind this is that when the communication strategy is being developed, there should be a consistent portrayal of message for the intended program. Step 4: Defining precise means of communication for each program: Unlike defining the objectives of individual program, it is imperative for Class Act Limited to define each means of communication for every program needs before executing the plan (Cornelissen, 2014). This process is effective in assuring that each personnel is moving in the same direction with the programs. Step 5: Defining the target audience: For Class Act Limited determining the target audience forms an indispensable element in formulating an effective strategy for communication. Without defining the appropriate audience, it is almost impossible to formulate a plan to widen the reputation of the organisation (Cummings and Worley, 2014). Step 6: Developing the key messages to be portrayed: The development of key messages to be portrayed will allow Class Act Limited to inform the target audience about their determined goals. Such messages will help in building awareness by allowing the organisation to regulate their perceptions (Miller, 2014). The messages to be transmitted by each authority should be clear and concise. Therefore, for Class Act Limited, the messages should be suitable and appropriate for the purpose of communication. Figure 1: Principles of Effective Communication for Class Act Ltd (Source: As Created By Author) Step 7: Proposing a time line: Class Act Limited should create a timeline concerning the needs of events in order to keep each individuals and authority on the same page regarding the necessary steps to be taken in the accomplishment of desired organisation performance (Hrebiniak, 2013). The timeline of events should contain detailed step-by-step methodology of specific performance strategies and should be broad in terms of time taken in accomplishing each of these steps. Step 8: Developing the initial plan: Strategic preparation of the initial plan is necessary in the process of developing new strategy for communication. If Class Act Limited is looking forward to indulge in marketing by expanding the public knowledge of its programme, then it must define the types of tools to be used to transmit their message among the target set of audience (Smith, 2013). Class Act Limited should also take into the consideration the time money and personnel limitations while deciding the type of communication to be implemented. A sound organisation structure for Class Act Limited would help in developing the chain of command, which would ultimately assist in speeding up the flow of information. Thus, it is worth mentioning that authoring and accountability of each position should be clearly laid down. Class Act Limited should regulate the flow of communication in order to avoid over burdening of communication (Percy, 2014). Appropriate channel and media of communication such as fax, video conferencing, SMS etc. should be used. Figure 2: Communication Strategy of Class Act Ltd (Source As Created By Author) Step 9: Implementing the elements of plan: After developing the list of ideas for an effective strategy of communication, Class Act Ltd should make the use of best options for its organisation and implement the same. It is noteworthy to denote that the process of implementation should be in accordance with the time as stated in step 7. For instance if Class Act Limited is looking forward to indulge in human resource practices it can create a pool of candidates along with the number of people they are looking to pool. To do this, words in message should be reinforced through appropriate gestures or facial expression (Miller, 2014). Therefore, the tone to be used in this process should take into the consideration the physical environment and human conditions. Step 10: Assessing the elements of communication strategy: Assessing the implemented strategy of communication is the only procedure of making sure that the targeted set of audience is being reached. Under this step, the process of communication at Class Act should be well set and have been provided with sufficient time to influence the public. Class Act Ltd should ensure that evaluation is performed appropriately to assure that there are no such loose ends and skipped details (Cornelissen, 2014). The more number of time is spent in discovering the information the better it will be able to adapt to its strategy. Conclusion: To conclude with, the above stated evaluations and strategies seeks to examine the objective of communication and consider the total physical setting of Class Act Ltd. The communication process designed will Class Act Ltd to take opportunity as and when the right amount of message or value to the receiver arise to covey. References Austin, E.W. Pinkleton, B.E., (2015). Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns (Vol. 10). Routledge. Carnmarata, S., McArthur, D., Steeb, R. (2014). STRATEGIES OF COOPERATION IN DISTRIBUTED PROBLEM SOLVING!. Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence, 102. Colleoni, E., (2013). CSR communication strategies for organizational legitimacy in social media. Corporate Communications: an international journal, 18(2), pp.228-248. Cornelissen, J. (2014). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Hrebiniak, L. G. (2013). Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press. Kasper, G., Kellerman, E. (2014). Communication strategies: Psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. Routledge. Miller, K. (2014). Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Percy, L. (2014). Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Smith, R. D. (2013). Strategic planning for public relations. Routledge. Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W. (2013). Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications.

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The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Essays

The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Essays The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Paper The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Paper Recombinant DNA is a modern technology involving the combination of DNA from one organism with the DNA of another. This often involves inserting human DNA into the DNA of another organism. When these genetically engineered organisms are cultured, they produce a human protein. Recombinant DNA gives scientists far greater control over genetic manipulation For example, recombinant DNA techniques have now been used to create bacterial strains that produce human insulin in large amounts, and this insulin has been used clinically with no reported adverse effects. Other successes of this technique are human interferon (a protein important to the bodys defence system) and human growth hormones. Recombinant DNA has been a leap which is contributing towards genetically engineered micro organisms, modified plants and animals, cloning, human gene therapy (correcting a genetic disorder) and mapping human chromosomes. Scientists can essentially extract, edit and replace the very building blocks of life on earth with our modern technology. The benefits of recombinant DNA are very prominent however there is a huge moral and ethical debate which has been occurring for decades concerning the morality of this advancement. In this essay I will present and discuss the positive and negative arguments regarding the technology and try to give a clear understanding of the issues at hand. Firstly, I will tell you of all the extraordinary applications recombinant DNA technology has to offer. Humans who have disorders are often in need of proteins, for example Diabetics require insulin injections to help control their glucose level. Insulin is not easy to create, and here recombinant DNA can be very beneficial. Human genes can be inserted into bacteria, which are then grown in fermenters; these treated bacteria then produce a human protein. Large amounts of insulin and human growth hormones can be produces cheaply on this way. This can help improve the lifestyles of many sufferers, cheaply and effectively. Plants also can be treated in a similar way. Desirable genes can be transferred from an organism to a crop plant. These can bring about useful changes in the crops, for example potato plants that are resistant to attack by a virus and maize (corn) plants that are resistant to drought have been produced in this way. This has a huge effect on agriculture and has allowed us to grow crops in conditions not usually suitable. Many other proteins useful for humans can also be produced by genetically modifying animals. Human proteins, such as haemoglobin and blood-clotting factors, are already being produced in the milk of transgenic cows, goats and sheep. Recombinant DNA has been used applied to human gene therapy. This involves inserting a normal gene into an organisms body to correct a genetic disorder. Take SCID, Severe combined immune deficiency leaves some people with almost no functioning immune system. Human gene therapy can be used to cure symptoms of SCID by inserting copies of a gene coding for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) into the blood cells of sufferers. The whole advent of changing our genes has proved a to be marvel in modern medicine. Gene therapy is getting bigger and bigger. As more and more research goes into recombinant DNA, the more successful treatments we can make. The Human Genome Project includes scientists in over 1000 laboratories around the world contributing towards mapping every human chromosome, identifying the precise location of every gene. With this tool, developing new gene therapy treatments will become a far easier task. Recombinant DNA, despite all its wonders has many negative arguments. Over the past few years there have been a number of demonstrations about the growth of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). There have also been many newspaper articles debating the use of GMOs. Many emotional concerns come into thought with the idea that we are essentially being cannibals when we eat an animal which has human DNA inserted into it. Although these are merely the general publics thoughts, they can put people off the whole idea of GMOs. A great degree of rational concerns about recombinant DNA also exist. Firstly when scientists insert human genes into bacteria or viruses there is a high risk of these transgenic organisms mutating and actually forming new pathogens. The scare is that we would not be able to treat or handle these new pathogens, resulting in new illness. What we are essentially treating to make substances (e. g. insulin) or our less fortunate could end up being the cause of many more illnesses. There is a huge debate as to whether we are being safe in experimenting with these organisms. Another ethical concern is regarding our crops. The benefits are out genetically modified crops are notorious, however if the pollen or seeds from these crops were carried away from the testing plots, there is a high chance of genetically modified populations growing elsewhere. It is a known fact that genetic modification could invoke a resistance to herbicides, meaning these crops could grow out of control, (often described a superweeds) and spread indefinably. The thought of this is a growing concern as more and more foods are becoming genetically engineered. Some crop plants that we engineer have been given a gene enabling them to produce pesticides. With the natural selection of nature, this may increase the rate of evolution of pesticide-resistant insects. These insects, once evolved could then harm our environment to a degree where food supplies start to run low, causing havoc. Although this isnt proven, in modern science it is possible, meaning this may a problem soon to be taken into consideration. The food chain is almost essential for our ecosystem to operate correctly, and important to the human race for our food. Populations of transgenic organisms could upset the balance of nature. For example, populations of transgenic salmon have been produced in which the individual fish grow rapidly. These fish would have to compete with other species for food. The size difference could cause the transgenic salmon to dominate over the others and have all the food. This may cause the other species to become extinct and the natural food webs to change. This change could upset a once natural ecosystem. There is a huge religious debate regarding recombinant DNA, with each religion having its own objections to transgenic organisms. Christian beliefs say that God created us, us, the question arises: what right have we to change what he has made, just to suit our needs and test our new found abilities? Many religious followers think we are destroying Gods will, by interfering with nature. In the Bible it is said: God created man. With the recent advent of cloning, it seems we have ignored this and taken our technology forward to point where we forget about religion. Also, many religious groups could not use products from specific organisms, e. g. to Hindus, cows are sacred animals and to Jews and Muslims, pigs are unclean. With this in mind, the use of products from these organisms might be unacceptable to people from these religions. Eugenics is quite a big part of recombinant DNA. This is essentially where genes are inserted into humans (or their eggs or their sperm). This technique can be very useful in that it can prevent an early death (e. g. or people with SCID Severe Combined Immunodeficiency). However, it could be used to give people characteristics that are considered to be desirable by others. This whole idea is unacceptable by many people as it reminds people of the programmes that have been used throughout modern history to eradicate less power ethnic groups (ethnic cleansing- e. g. WWII Hitler). People are scared by the prospect that we must all have the same characteristics and loose our individuality. Another concern is how screening for genetic diseases could lead to discrimination against individuals. When a foetus is scanned for genetic disorders (e. . Downs syndrome), parents often face a dilemma about aborting an affected foetus. This is can to lots of emotional stress and demoralising decisions. Also, it will soon become possible to screen adults for genes that predispose them to genetic disorders. This might lead to insurance companies discriminating against people with these disorders, when thought they have perfect health. The advent of recombinant DNA has brought medicine, agriculture and our understanding of our genes to a new level. As you can see there are many debates as to whether we should continue with our experiments. In my opinion the benefits of this new technology outweigh the moral and ethical concerns. This technology is too promising and too effective to cease working on, because in the end it will do far more good than bad. As the technology progresses, it will become far safer to utilise recombinant DNA and all its advantages. If God has given us the ability to experiment with genes, why not use this ability? As long as we can keep it safe; minimising the risks of upsetting nature and proving to the people that it is a good thing by trying to calm any emotional concerns, this technology should prevail.

The lady with the lapdog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The lady with the lapdog - Essay Example This story is about two people, Jack Twist and Ennis del Mar, who were both school dropouts. They both developed a personal relationship through herding sheep together and were attracted to each other. Jack is described as a â€Å"fair enough† man, â€Å"with curly hair and a quick laugh† while Ennis is said to be â€Å"cave-chested† with â€Å"a muscular and strong body† (Brokeback, Web). Both are worried about the societal consequences they will have to face if their secret is revealed. In the words of Joseph Conrad, â€Å"All a man can betray is his conscience†. I agree strongly with this statement and I believe that betrayal is the worst experience that any human being is forced to face. In â€Å"the lady and the lapdog†, Gurov repeatedly betrayed his wife and was unfaithful to her as well as his daughters. Before meeting Anna, he went out with countless other women and always kept it a secret. Gurov and Anna knew that their secret relati onship was unethical and against their cultural norms and traditions. It is illustrated though Anna`s conversation with Gurov in which she says, â€Å"I am a bad, low woman; I despise myself and don't attempt to justify myself. It's not my husband but myself I have deceived. And not only just now; I have been deceiving myself for a long time . . . and now I have become a vulgar, contemptible woman whom any one may despise† (Chekhov, Web). On the other hand, the story of Brokeback Mountain involved two men who were aware of their attraction before their respective marriages. After their reunion, they continued their affair by betraying their families. They spent time together by going to fishing trips which further strengthened their bond. This was an act of extreme disloyalty for their wives and eventually results in Ennis`s divorce. Both their wives would have felt completely betrayed and deceived. In both these texts, the characters were being disloyal with their family mem bers. They felt guilty and instead of confessing, they continued it furtively. In the story of the lady and the lapdog, one can assume that both Gurov and Anna were trying to find reasons to escape their unhappy married lives and find inner peace. Anna had a husband who was a â€Å"flunkey† and she had no idea about his work. She escaped the company of his husband by making excuses. Gurov, on the other hand, â€Å"secretly considered her (his wife) unintelligent, narrow, inelegant, was afraid of her, and did not like to be at home† (Chekhov, Web). It is clear that they both were unhappy with their lives and needed some peace. But the question is whether their families deserved this betrayal? Similarly, both Jack and Ennis were being unfaithful to their wives, Lureen and Alma but more than that, they were betraying themselves. Once Ennis said, â€Å"I’m not no queer,† and Jack replied by saying â€Å"Me neither. A one-shot thing. Nobody’s business but ours†. (Brokeback Mountain, Web). This shows that were aware of their strong passion for each other but they refused to admit that they were â€Å"queers† which depicts their betrayal to themselves. On the contrary, in both these stories, the situations were such that they could not go against their cultural traditions and were unable to follow their heart. â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth, William Shakespeare, A midsummer Night`s Dream†

Close reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Close reading - Essay Example One really comes across dramatic monologue in passionate love songs as the poem appears to be at the start. By using this dramatic monologue the protagonist seems to be trying to strike a rapport with the listeners. The other thing is that this usage of the dramatic monologue in the poem allows the poet to draw the psychologically complex characters of Prufrock. At the beginning of the poem is placed an epigraph taken from Dante’s Inferno. The poet uses this epigraph to bring in a deeper understanding of the poem through the usage of context and meaning. Dante here represents the converse of what Prufrock has come to be. Unlike Dante, Prufrock repeatedly fails to be a person who has a genuine passion and emotions. In contrast the emotional and mental state of Prufrock is very much like Guido de Montefetltro on his way to the flames. Hence, very much like Guido, Prufrock here comes out as being a very isolated and wasted individual. In the poem TS Eliot has resorted to a rhyme scheme that is irregular, without being utterly random. Though in parts the poem appears to be in free verse, actually speaking the poem happens to be a combination of many types of poetic forms. Besides, in this poem Eliot has also resorted to the use of refrains like,†In the room the women come and go/Talking of Michelangelo (13-14).† This refrain is also accompanied by repeated questions asked and doubts conveyed by Prufrock. Eliot uses this poetic style in the poem to convey the disturbed mental state of a neurotic character who is Prufrock. This fragmented and discontinued poetic style allows the poet to reveal the fact that although Prufrock presents oneself as being aesthetic, actually speaking he is totally non-romantic. The state of Prufrock represents the state of emotional bonds in the modern times. Time and again in the poem Prufrock conveys his dissatisfaction with the environment amidst which he is moving. These